Receiver for wireless telegraph and telephone circuits



F. E. SUMMERS. RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE QIRCUITS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 28. I916.

-Patnted May 4,1920.

' awn box (g,

. armature 104, and

FRANK E. SUMMERS, OF MEMPHIS, MllSfitOUBI.

RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CIRCUITS.

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Patented ltliay 4, 1920.

Application filed April 28, 1916 Serial No. 94,195.

To all whom it may concern:

it known that I, FRANK a citizen of the United States, residing at Memphis, in the county of Scotland and State oi? Missouri, have invented certain useful improvements in Receivers for Wireless Telegraph and Telephone Circuits, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawin The object of the invention is to provide suitable means for wireless telegraph and telephone circuits whereby weak impulses from distant sending stations are amplified, and thereby increased in strength at the re ceiving stations so that the transmitted signals will be increased in intensity.

Uther and further objects appear in the detail description of the invention which follows.

in the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the practical application of the invention.

Fig. .2 is a side elevational view of one of the wave detecting devices comprising one of the features of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a section on. the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

1- in mg. i,

he improved form of receivi apparatus illustrated. The conductor 134i is connected to the three-point switch 84c, to one of whose terminals there is connected the ictor the binding post 86 and the concerto-r 237 continuing the circuit to a binding post 28, which. adjustably supports the metallic rod 89, the latter projecting into the non-conducting tube 90 where it contacts with the metallic or conducting particles 91.

The rod 92 also projects into thistnbe 90 and contacts with the particles 91, being adjustably supported by the binding post 93, which has led theretrom the conductor 121 connecting to one terminal of the three-point A conductor 101 is led from the said switch to both contacts 102 of the electromechanical detector designated genen ally 103, which comprises the spring-held the electromagnet 105, the latter being part of a local circuit which includes the buzzer 111, the battery 110, and the switch 109 by which the said circuit is rendered active or inert.

When the electromechanical detector is in use the switch 100 is closed, when the buzzer servesto resolve the current of the local cirswitch 95.

SUMMERS,

cuit into an intermittent current, thus causlng the magnet 105 to intermittently attrac the spring held armature 104:, whereby the said armature is oscillated to contact first.

with one and then the other of the contacts 102 for a purpose hereinafter appearing.

The second terminal .or contact of the switch 84 is connected through the conductor 112 to the coils 99 of the relay or electromagnet 100, the conductor 98 connecting these coils to a second terminal or contact of the switch 95. The permanent horse-shoe magnet 113 controlled by the adjusting screw 114 has its poles adjacent to the cores of the electromagnet 100 and provides means for varying thestrength of the magnetic field projected across the particles 91 in the tube 90 by its adjustment toward and away from the said cores.

. stitute a coherer which is included in a local.

circuit energized by the battery 115, a conductor 116 connecting one terminal of this battery to the conductor 121 and connecting the other terminal of the said battery to one of the hinge postsof the double-throw double-pole switch 117. The remaining hinge post of this switch 117 is connected to the binding post 86 by means of a conductor 120.

Across one set of clip terminals of the switch 117, there is connected the primary 118 of a transformer 119, the secondary 123 of this transformer being serially grouped with the winding of the electrom'agnet 100. This electro-magnet 100' is identical in construction with the electroinagnet 100 and its magnetic field is projected across the metallic particles of the coherer 122, the latter being identical with the coherer comprising the parts 88, S9, 90, 91, 92, and 93. Adjustably mounted for influencing the magnetic field projected by the electro-magnet 100', there is a permanent horse-shoe magnet 113' which is identical in function and construction with the horseshoe magent 1.13.

Included serially in the circuit comprising the secondary'123 and the coils of the electro-niagnet ,100, there is the variable condenser 30 and the two-point switch 31.

The coherer 122 forms part of a circuit energized by the battery 124, this circuit including the'primary 125 of the transformer just described to be transmitting contacts 102 126, the said primary and the coherer being connected in series. The secondary 127 of the transformer 126 serially connects with the receiver 128 which, it is intended, shall be the conventional form of'telephone receiver.

The conductor 134:, aside from connecting with the main point of the switch 84 also connects with the spring actuated armature 104 and includes in its circuit the secondary 150 of the variable transformer 133. The primary 151 of this transformer 133 has one terminal connected with the ground 108 through a variable condenser 107, the remaining terminal of this primary connecting with a wire 152 which for practical purposes is led to an antenna (not shown).

The double contacts 102 are shunted by a circuit including the variable condenser 131 and the two-point switch 132 by which the shunt circuit may be rendered active or inert.

In the operation of the invention, the variable transformer serves the useful purpose of permitting the receiving apparatus attuned to the desired apparatus. The Hertzian waves propagated by the transmitting apparatus are then transmitted to wire 152, through the primary 151 of the transformer 133 and to th'e'ground 108 through the said variable condenser 107. This as is well known will set up an alternating current in the secondary 150 of the transformer 133 and this current will, if the switch 8-1 be so set as to electrically connect the conductors .134 and 112 and the switch 95 so set as to electrically.connect the conductors 98 and 101, pass over conductor 112, around the coils 99 of the electro-magnet 100, over the conductor 98, the conductor 101. one of the (if the armature 104 be at rest). the armature 104 and back over the wire 13% to the secondary 150. The particles 91 contained in the tube 90 are preferably of a diamagnetic metal, such as zinc. Therefore as the alternating current from the coil of the secondary 150 passes around the coils 99, the magnetic field projected across the said particles is varied in strength with the result that the said particles vary in their degree of contact with each other. But this variable contact occurs in the circuit energized by the battery 115. fore, if the switch 117 be thrown to place the primary 118 in circuit with this battery. as shown, the magnetic field of the prilnary 118 will be varied because of the variation in resistance of the circuit energized by the battery 115. Thus the secondary 123 will be energized and will set up a current flowing around the coils of the electro-magnet 100, if the switch 31 be closed. The

current thus flowing around the coils 100 will exercisethe same effect on the coherer need be recited here. I

v of wave There- 122 that the current flowing around the coils energized in the usual well known manner,

the receiver being constructed on conventional lines and operated 1n the conventional way so that no description thereof The impulses thus received over the aerial wire 152 are by the above mentioned series of connections rendered active in the receiver 128.

The condenser 131 and its attendant switch 132 are provided so that the condenser, when desired, may be made to shunt the double-contact points 102' and thus take care of any static charges due tion of the apparatus.

When the rate of wave propagation exceeds forty thousand vibrations per second, the magnetic parts of the apparatus would not respond quickly enough to the changing conditions to make possible the detectionor recording of such impulses. Therefore the detector generally designated 103 is provided. Assuming the wave propagation to exceed forty thousand vibrations per second, the switch 109 is closed, thereby clostherefore the magnet 105 is intermittently magnetized, operating to attract and release the spring-held armature 104 which is thereby vibrated between the two contact points 102. Thus the circuit on the secondary 150 is made and broken each time the armature 104: contacts with and leaves one of the contact points 102. Therefore the current set up by the secondary 150 when the rate aforesaid, is broken up into intermittent to the operapropagation is excessively high as currents which affect the particles 91 in the manner hereinbefore described.

Of course when the detector 103 is in operation, it is intended that the condenser 131 shall be inert. Hence the provision of the switch 132.

Vhen the double-throw switch 117 is thrown to place the secondary 118 in circuit with the battery 115, the electro-magn et 100 is supplied with alternating current, but this magnet may be supplied with a pulsating direct current by throwing the switch 117 into contact with its second set of clips one of. which is electrically connected with the pointof juncture between one terminal of the coils of the electromagnet 100 and one terminal of the secondary 123 and the leading to the switch 31. "Ifthe switch 31 v be open (although-- I other oi-Whicli is alarms connectedwith the point ofiijuncture' between the otherterminal o fthe magnet coils and the conductor I this not absolutely necessarybut. preferable); and-the switch 117 thrown over,; as, aforesaid, the energy from the battery 115, will befitransm-ittedidithe 'rnagnet"' 1,00"- and thisenergy will-be 'inthe form of ef'pulsat ing direct current because of. thefvariation; .in the resistance of tery 115v eilectedby' the" operat on offithe; particles 91 in the manner before described'i the current in: the secondary 150 as an influencing medium'l;

on the coils 99 of the electro-magnet. 100,

rectly' to the coils: of

the circuit of the, batll it be not desired to use this current may be led direct through: the

.coherer comprising the particles- 91' and their attendant parts. To accomplish this, the switches 8 and 95 are .thrown to elec-.

trically connect the conductors 134 and 85 and the conductors 121 and 101, when, as is evident, the current from the secondary 150 will be transmitted through the coherer, the passing of the current serving to effect coherence and the magnetic field of the mag-' net to efiect decoherence, it being readily understandable how this; decoherence is accomplished when it is remembered that the particles 91 are diamagnetic.

Of course when no current is passing around the coils 99, the magnetic field is due to the permanent magnet 11? and the strength of this field can be regulated as desired by the adjustment of the said magnet 113 toward and away from the cores of the magnet 100 and the polarity of this field may be readily reversed simply by inverting the magnet 113 in the plane in which it norinallv lies.

'llieqnagnct ll l' serves the same useful purpose as the n'u'ignet 113, namely to reverse or regulate the magnetic field project edacross the coherer 122 but this regulation of the held across the latter coherer is for the purpose of establishing a'delinite lield which may be weakened or strengthened by the current flowing around the coils of the magnet. 100, whereby the intensity or contact between the particles of the cohcrer 122 may be aried for the useful purpose hcrcinbelore described.

All of the apparatus hercinbcforc described mounted upon a base 129 made of suitable material, preferably an insulating material such as glass or slate.

it will be observed that the two coherers are connected in com-atcnation, the current serving to operate the one being varied by the direct operation o1 the other.

3 io rn er' and the cuit, means a polarized. electro-magnet for influencing each cohercr, a transformer,connections be-' tween the secondary oi'the transformer and the polarized electro-magnet of. one 'coherer, a .cir'cuitincludingthe primary of the trans other of the coherers, and

ayes to the for conducting Hertzian w if"el'ectro magnet of the said latter coherer iv-hereby. the received impulses produce alternations of greater amplitude.

YQKA "receiver for Wireless telegraph and telephone Waves comprising a base, a co- ,herer mountedu'pon the base, a polarized magnet also mounted upon the base and hav-- ing its field projecting across the coher'er, means for selectiyely connecting'either the coherer or the polarizing magnet for receiv-. ing Hertzian impulses, and a detector whereby the said impulses may be broken up when their rate of propagation exceeds a prescribed rate per second.

3. A receiver for wireless telegraph and telephone waves comprising. an insulated base, an electro-magnet disposed on said base, an insulating tubing connecting the poles of said magnet, diamagnetic particles carried in said tubing, rods adjustably mounted and extending into said tubing from each end and contacting with the particles therein, and an adjustable permanent magnet for varying the strength of the magnetic field projecting across said particles.

4. A receiver for wireless telegraph and telephone waves embodying an electromagnet, a coherer disposed in the field of said magnet, the coherer embodying diamagnetic particles whereby decohercnce is effected magnetically, an electric circuit in which the coherer is serially connected, and means for conducting Hertzian impulses to the coherer forefl'ecting coherence of the particles for the useful purpose specified.

5. Afrccelver fonw1reless telegraph and telephone waves comprising an electric circuit, a coherer serially included in said cirfor conducting Hertzian impulses through the coherer to effect coher' ence of the particles therein, means for effecting decohcrence of said Jarticles, and means for interrupting the ertzian impulses when their rate ofpropagation reaches a rate per second that would preclude coherence and decoherence of the par ticles in the coherer.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

' FRANK. n'sUMMERs. 

